Regulatory Action Criteria for Filth and Other Extraneous Materials

III. Review of Flies and Foodborne Enteric Disease

Alan R. Olsen1
Microanalytical Branch, HFS 315,
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition,
U.S. Food and Drug Administration,
200 C Street, Southwest, Washington, DC 20204

Received October 22, 1998

Abstract2:

Forty-seven species of flies have been reliably associated with filthy conditions that might allow the spread of foodborne pathogens. These are categorized as "filth flies." Of that 47, only 21 species represent a potential threat to human health as scientifically proven causative agents of foodborne myiasis or as carriers of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and other foodborne pathogens. These 21 species are categorized as "disease-causing flies" based on strict scientific criteria. The criteria are association with E. coli, Salmonella, AND Shigella; synanthropy; endophily; communicative behavior; attraction to both excrement and food products; and recognition by authorities as a potential health hazard. Within Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point and other U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulatory frameworks, disease-causing flies are contributing factors to the spread of foodborne disease that require preventive and corrective actions as appropriate under Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures, Good Manufacturing Practices, or pest control programs.

1Assisted by Sherry A. Knight

<snip>

Source: http://www.actroninc.com/fda-foodborne-disease.htm

 
........he shooed flies out of the house instead of going after them with a swatter.........
 
From Yesterday Till Today The......
 
......association with E. coli, Salmonella, AND Shigella; synanthropy; endophily; communicative behavior; attraction to both excrement and food products; and recognition by authorities as a potential health hazard........
 
Is Pacelle Contributing To Potential Public Health Hazards Even Today?
 
 
 
 
Humane Society's CEO Has Local Roots
August 30, 2004
By BRIDGET KELLY, Courant Staff Writer

When Wayne Pacelle was growing up in Connecticut, he shooed flies out of the house instead of going after them with a swatter.

To his mother's alarm, he once stopped his car in the middle of the street to catch a stray dog and take it to a shelter.

"We thought it was just a phase he was going through," said Pat Pacelle of New Haven.

But she and her husband have since changed their minds about that. Wayne Pacelle on June 1 became chief executive officer of the Humane Society of the United States, based in Washington, D.C.

Pacelle's childhood compassion for pets brought him into the animal rights movement during his college years at Yale University. He now spends his time organizing, lobbying, litigating, and "whatever it takes, within legal limits," to advance the cause of animal rights, said Pacelle, 39.

"We're simply asking people to expand their sensitivity and to exhibit greater mercy and kindness to the less powerful," Pacelle said. "If you're concerned about the well-being of animals, then you inevitably should think about your food choices, your clothing choices, your recreational pursuits."

For Pacelle, that concern has driven him to stop eating animal products and to campaign against practices he sees as cruel and unnecessary. A major component of his work is informing the public about animal issues, just as he informed parents Pat and Dick Pacelle when he began investigating the subject.

"I think they, like a lot of people, were not aware of the scope of the abuse," Pacelle said. "They didn't know that pigs are kept in confinement and can't even turn around for the bulk of their lives on factory farms."

Some of the more recent topics on his mind include banning bear baiting - shooting at bears who come to feed on strategically placed piles of food - and securing humane slaughter practices for poultry. He frequently writes editorials on animal issues, such as a December 2003 New York Times piece on bird shooting, written in reaction to a hunting trip Vice President Dick Cheney took.

Growing up in New Haven, Pacelle had a series of dogs who showed him that "animals are more than just playthings," he said. His parents remember one particularly emotional day when their ill 17-year-old dog had to be euthanized at the veterinarian's office.

"We had to drag [Wayne] out of there," Pat Pacelle said.

At Yale, Pacelle began the Student Animal Rights Coalition, which grew to several hundred active members.

He double-majored in history and studies in the environment. A summer internship after his sophomore year at Isle Royale National Park in Michigan - which Pacelle called "magical" - solidified his commitment to animals and to being a vegan.

After struggling to find suitable food in the Yale dining halls, he and other students proposed vegan options at the start of his junior year.

Vegan food in Yale's dining halls has become part of "the fabric of what dining services does," said Karen Dougherty, who wrote the menus during Pacelle's time at Yale.

In the late 1980s, Dougherty and other dining hall workers had to develop Yale's first vegan recipes and field-test the foods. While Dougherty said it is difficult to remember all of the specifics, she does "remember a fellow named Wayne."

"Anything we've done in terms of vegetarian [or] vegan foods are from student initiative," Dougherty said. "We field tested [vegan meals] in Jonathan Edwards College" - Pacelle's dormitory - "and ... we went campuswide the following school year."

A summer internship for the now-defunct National Alliance for Animal Legislation after his junior year gave Pacelle his first exposure to animal protection work on the national level. While lobbying on Capitol Hill, he met members of The Animals' Agenda magazine and Cleveland Amory, who founded the Fund for Animals.

Pacelle wrote for the magazine after graduating in 1987, later rising to president of its board.

He served as executive director of the Fund for Animals before joining the Humane Society in 1994.

At that organization, which has 8 million members nationwide, he continues to engage the nation on animal issues.

Republican U.S. Sen. John Ensign of Nevada, a veterinarian, has worked closely with Pacelle and finds him to be good on strategy, said Jack Finn, Ensign's communication director.

"The senator has a great deal of respect for Wayne," he said. "He admires his approach and he admires his passion."

But Pacelle has his critics - lots of them.

He has spoken out against hunting, spurring groups like the U.S. Sportsmen's Alliance to fight back "from coast to coast," said Doug Jeanneret, the alliance's director of communications.

"We spend plenty of time knowing Mr. Pacelle and his folks' way of doing business," Jeanneret said. "Their mission is fundamentally at odds with ours - I mean their mission to end all hunting and trapping in particular. These are scientific wildlife management principles."

Pacelle disagrees.

"I guess I'm never surprised that there are people who want to defend their abuse of animals and that they try to dress it up as an important social or economic activity."

But Patti Strand of the National Animal Interest Alliance said it is wrong to assume that all those who oppose the Humane Society's work favor animal cruelty.

She said her group abhors animal abuse, but that the Humane Society's tactics can be extreme and ethically questionable.

"They counter [opposition] as though the opponent is in favor of cruelty, and that's not the issue," Strand said. "The issue is being honorable in the way you represent and campaign for change."

Pacelle - whom she calls "a polished spokesperson" - and the Humane Society often use the single worst example to represent the whole category, she said.

Pacelle said he and his organization are simply trying to make people across the country more aware of animal abuses.

In the end, Pacelle said, his policy is simple - as simple as it was when he was young and shooing flies:

"Any little act that people do to help animals is a positive step and makes the world a better place."
 
 
Source: http://www.ctnow.com/news/local/hc-pacelle0830.artaug30,0,5661480.story
 
 
 
.........Republican U.S. Sen. John Ensign of Nevada, a veterinarian, has worked closely with Pacelle and finds him to be good on strategy, said Jack Finn, Ensign's communication director........
 
Is That Reasuring For Nevada Sen. John Ensign Constituents?
 
 
 
 

When You Hear That...........

......Pacelle and Sen. John Ensign are huddled in the lawmaker's office at the Russell Senate Office Building one morning.......
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A50953-2004Aug8.html

Will You Think The Huddle Is About Protecting Americans From........

........conspiracy to kill a U.S. citizen ......

Or.......

.......hog-dog rodeos.......

http://www.gamefowlnews.com/archives/2004/Thurs%2019%20Aug%202004.htm
 
 
Beltre's all-around ability finally comes to light
By Rafael Hermoso, Special for USA TODAY
When Bienvenido Beltre was not working as an industrial mechanic or raising roosters for cockfighting in Santo Domingo, he played third base and the outfield for Escogido in the Dominican winter league. He befriended the manager, Felipe Alou, and told the baseball icon how he one day wanted his son Adrian to be a star in the major leagues. Adrian Beltre was just getting started.
 
<snip>
 
Source: http://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/nl/dodgers/2004-08-31-beltre_x.htm
 
 
 
Crimes reported in Santa Clara County California Crime 2000

Statistics presented are based on data collected by the FBI as part of its Uniform Crime Reporting Program. These data represent offenses reported to and arrests made by State and local law enforcement agencies as reported to the FBI. These data do not include Federal law enforcement activity. Additionally, not all law enforcement agencies consistently report offense and arrest data to the FBI. Users should refer to the Coverage Indicator for the proportion of the population covered by the agencies reporting to the FBI.

Crime Number
Total 45,069
Murder 34
Rape 488
Robbery 1,054
Aggravated Assault 5,650
Burglary 5,962
Larceny - theft 27,270
Motor vehicle thefts 4,049
Population 1,682,585
Coverage indicator 100%

 

Does It Appear Strange That ........
 
.......There hasn’t been a cockfighting-related arrest in two years.........
........Now, however, two recent busts in Morgan Hill and San Martin........
 
And All Of A Sudden Murder, Rape, Robbery, Aggravated Assault, Burglary, And Theft Take A Back Seat To Something That........
 
.........it’s been years since they had a conviction........
 
 
Does It Appear It Is Much To Quick And Easy To Kill?
 
.........The RATTF, however, handed their 66 roosters over to county Animal Control officers, who killed the birds the same day they were found........
 
When And Where Does The Protection Come In?
 
We Constantly Hear.........
The Humane Society of the United States is the nation’s largest animal protection organization with more than eight million members and constituents. The HSUS is a mainstream voice for animals, with active programs in companion animals and equine protection, wildlife and habitat protection, animals in research and farm animals and sustainable agriculture. The HSUS protects all animals through legislation, litigation, investigation, education, advocacy and fieldwork.
http://www.hsus.org/ace/21473
 
We Constantly See Things Like........
SEATTLE —The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) is offering a $2,500 reward for information leading to the arrest and conviction of the person or persons responsible for the death of a cat found at Shilshole Bay Marina last week. The Humane Society for Seattle/King County, which is not affiliated with The HSUS, has also offered a $500 reward bringing the current total to $3,000.
http://www.hsus.org/ace/21473
 
When And Where Does The Protection Come In?
.........The HSUS protects all animals through legislation, litigation, investigation, education, advocacy and fieldwork......
 
Quick To Offer Rewards To Incarcerate Humans But Slow To Actually Protect Animals?
 
 
 
 
Deputies target underground cockfighting

By Peter Crowley



Law-enforcement and animal-control officers have long suspected cockfighting was alive and well in the rural South Valley underground, but it’s been years since they had a conviction to prove it.

Now, however, two recent busts in Morgan Hill and San Martin appear to have unearthed the bloody sport, in which roosters are trained to fight each other to death.

“They’re out there,” said rural crimes deputy Dino Diaz, of the Santa Clara County Sheriff’s Office. “It’s not a lot, but one is too many because it’s illegal.”

In both seizures, investigators stumbled upon the fighting roosters while serving search warrants for other illicit materials.

On Aug. 1, sheriff’s deputies raided a marijuana farm they had been monitoring southwest of Morgan Hill, at Sycamore Avenue and Armsby Lane. Amid the 4,000 pot plants they expected to find, they were surprised to find more than 150 cocks, plus fighting paraphernalia such as razor-sharp metal gaffs that attach to the birds’ feet, scales for weighing the birds and drugs that appeared to be rooster steroids, police said.

On July 22, the Regional Auto Theft Task Force turned up at least 66 roosters - again complete with fighting gear - at two locations at Stevens Court in San Martin and Diana Avenue in Morgan Hill. The task force was searching for a stolen tractor, which they found being repainted by a man whom they arrested. They arrested another person on suspicion of cruelty to animals.

Proving in court that roosters were used for fighting can be difficult, Diaz said, but if the paraphernalia isn’t evidence enough, both sets of recovered roosters had severe scarring on their bellies, believed to be from organized fighting. In addition, RATTF Lt. Dale Morgan said the roosters’ feet and plumage were cut in a way typical of fighting birds.

In the sheriff’s case, five adults and three boys have been charged with drug-related offenses, but the District Attorney’s Office has yet to file cockfighting charges.

There hasn’t been a cockfighting-related arrest in two years, and that one, which Diaz also investigated, didn’t result in a conviction.

“The hardest thing to prove is criminal intent,” Diaz said.

This time, however, the evidence is much stronger.

“The task force and the sheriff’s office did a good job, and they’ve got a good case,” said Philip Jewitt, program manager of the county animal shelter in San Martin. “They were very thorough in their investigation.”

The 150 roosters deputies found are still on the farm, except for three taken as evidence, Diaz said. They are being cared for by residents who weren’t arrested.

The RATTF, however, handed their 66 roosters over to county Animal Control officers, who killed the birds the same day they were found, according to Jewitt.

Diaz said he was surprised to hear these roosters were killed. It’s his belief that this shouldn’t happen without a court order.

Morgan, however, said, “You don’t leave them there. If they’re there, they’re being tortured to death. You want to get them away from being tortured, even if they have to be euthanized.”

Jewitt said there is nothing Animal Control can do with fighting roosters except destroy them.

“It’s not like you can rehabilitate them and put them on a farm,” he said. “They’ll start killing all the chickens.”

With the ankle razors aiding the already vicious roosters, cockfighting matches don’t last long.

A fight can last as little as 30 seconds, and one rarely goes over 10 minutes, according to Diaz.

Before each match is a weigh-in, at which spectators compare the birds’ records and place bets. As a general rule, opposing birds can’t be more than four ounces apart in weight, Diaz said.

A trained fighting rooster sells for between $200 and $500, depending on its lineage, according to Diaz.

Diaz said he suspects that, while the roosters were being raised and trained in the South Valley, the cockfighting tournaments are being held in more rural areas, farther from law-enforcement patrols.

Nevertheless, he asks locals residents to keep their ears peeled for large gatherings of cheering fans, with the sounds of roosters fighting and commentators calling the action.

“That would give me enough to go out and investigate cockfighting,” he said.

Jewitt said he suspects there are still many cockfighting operations in these parts.

“It’s just a matter of time before the authorities get a hold of them, too,” he said.

Morgan, however, said deputies will probably never be able to end cockfighting completely.

“I don’t think the sheriffs office really has the personnel to really cover all of the rural area,” he said. “It’s like drugs. You can’t arrest just a couple dealers and expect that to be it.”

Peter Crowley covers public safety for The Dispatch. You can reach him at pcrowley@gilroydispatch. com or 847-7109

 
 
 
Do The Santa Clara County AR Have The Public Interest In Mind Or SOMETHING ELSE?
 
Does It Surprise You That.........

The total number of hate incident and hate crime reports made in 2001 is 391% higher than 2000.

 

HATE INCIDENTS REPORTED

Calendar Year 2000 2001, prior to 9/11 Since 9/11 2001 2002
Network 2 reports 2 reports 39 reports 41 reports 67 reports
Sheriffs 0 reports 1 report 23 reports 24 reports 1 report
Police Depts. * 1 report 1 report 6 reports 7 reports 4 reports
Universities** N/A 0 reports 3 reports 3 reports 0 reports
Total 3 reports 4 reports 71 reports 75 reports 72 reports


The number of hate incidents reported to the Network and SCC law enforcement in 2001 is 2500% higher than 2000. According to law enforcement, the actual rate of hate incidents and hate crime is 8-10 times higher than what is reported.

HATE CRIMES REPORTED

Calendar Year 2000 2001, prior to 9/11 Since 9/11 2001 2002
Network 0 reports 2 reports 3 reports 5 reports 1 report
Sheriffs 15 reports 15 reports 9 reports 49 reports 6 reports
Police Depts. * 42 reports 41 reports 65 reports 106 reports 14 reports
Universities** N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 reports
Total 57 reports 58 reports 77 reports 160 reports 24 reports


The total number of hate crimes reported in 2001 is 281% higher than 2000. According to law enforcement, the actual rate of hate incidents and hate crime is 8-10 times higher than what is reported.

The total number of hate incident and hate crime reports made in 2001 is 391% higher than 2000.

*Police Depts. include San Jose PD, Santa Clara PD, Gilroy PD, Sunnyvale PD, Cupertino PD, Mountain View PD, and Palo Alto PD.
**Universities include Stanford University, Santa Clara University, San Jose State University, De Anza, San Jose City, Evergreen, and Mission Colleges

Source: http://www.hhw.org/content/0,4745,sid%253D12496%2526chid%253D241810%2526ccid%253D63889,00.html

 

OKC MEETING REPORT

THE DIRECTORS MEETING WAS USED TO BRING THE DIRECTORS UP TO DATE ON THE DIRECTION OF THE UGBA AND THE NEWLY FORMED PAC. THE ANNUAL MEETING, TO BE HELD OCT. 2, IN Macalister WAS FINALIZED. THE LUNCH MEAL SUNDAY WILL BE A MEXICAN BUFFET THAT WILL COST $7.00 PER PERSON. THE DINNER MEAL SAT. AND DANCE WILL BE $15.00. IT WAS VOTED ON IN THE DIRECTORS MEETING TO NOT SEND OUT ANNOUNCEMENTS OF THE ANNUAL MEETING DUE TO THE MANY RETURNED LETTERS OF THIS MEETINGS' ANNOUNCEMENT DUE TO THE CHANGE OF ADDRESSES BECAUSE OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE 911 CALLING SYSTEM.  EVERYONE WAS ENCOURAGED TO RELAY THE WORD ON ABOUT THE MEETING TO FELLOW COCKERS.
 
THE GENERAL MEETING WAS WELL ATTENDED AND SEVERAL TOPICS WERE DISCUSSED.
THE STATUS OF THE SUPREME COURT FILING WAS COVERED BY PAT QUINN. SEVERAL QUESTIONS WERE ASK AND ANSWERED. THE APPEAL IS BEING FINALIZED BY A SPECIALTY FIRM THAT DOES NOTHING ELSE BUT PREPARE SUPREME COURT CHALLENGES. FOR ONE THING, THE PROPER FORMAT AND BOUND MUST BE FOLLOWED. THE APPEAL WILL BE FILED PRIOR TO SEPT. 3 DEAD LINE BY THIS FIRM. THEN IT IS A WAIT AND WAIT POSITION.
 
EACH POLITICAL RACE WAS COVERED WITH INPUT FROM COCKERS LIVING IN OR NEAR THAT DISTRICT. RESPONSE WAS VERY GOOD, BUT WE ARE A LITTLE WEAK IN SEVERAL OTHER AREAS.  IF YOU HAVE NOT CONTACTED THE CANDIDATES, PLEASE DO SO AND LET POKEY OR VAL KNOW THE RESULTS OF YOUR INQUIRE. WE WILL HAVE A MASTER LIST AT THE GENERAL MEETING.
A PRESENTATION WAS MADE ON SECURING STATEMENTS OF ALL TYPES OF BUSINESSES THAT HAVE BEEN AFFECTED BY THE PASSAGE OF 687 BY THE ANIMAL RIGHTS ACTIVISTS. AS YOU GET THEM, FORWARD TO TONY, VAL OR POKEY.
IDEAS WERE DISCUSSED ON WHAT SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN FORTH COMING LEGISLATION. FURTHER WORK WILL BE NEEDED AND DONE ON THIS THROUGH OUR LEGISLATIVE REPRESENTATIVE.
AN IMITATIVE WAS DISCUSSED. THE MAIN POINT BROUGHT OUT WAS THAT FOR ANY TYPE OF AN IMITATIVE TO BE SUCCESSFUL, WILL REQUIRE MONEY AND A WORK FORCE THAT WILL BE DEDICATED FOR A PERIOD OF AT LEAST 4-5 MONTHS. THAT IS JUST TO SECURE THE SIGNATURES. THEN IF CHALLENGED, THE COST CONTINUES.
A COLLECTION WAS TAKEN UP TO HELP PAY FOR THE ROOM AND $237.00 WAS LEFT OVER AND GIVEN TO POKEY TO START PREPARATION FOR THE ANNUAL MEETING.
MEETING ENDED AND SEVERAL STAYED  AROUND AND DISCUSSED SOME OF THE ISSUES. THE MEETING ACHIEVE SEVERAL OF THE GOALS SET FORTH.---VAL


Courtesy: Pokey - OGBA News

 
What Would Be The Consensus On AR "Domestic Terrorism" From These Same Writers?
 
 
Gamecock a venerable mascot

Symbol of Sumter

The mascot of the University of South Carolina honors the memory of Revolutionary War General Thomas Sumter, nicknamed "The Gamecock" because of his tenacity in battle. USC and a few other schools are fortunate to have mascots that have historical note and are unique. The letter writer shows his ignorance of our state's history with his absurd proposal.

Perhaps he would prefer "The Fightin' Possums" or "The Kudzu Kids" for my school's honored state rival.

MAC HARLEY

Clemson, Class of 1967

13 Colonial St.

Not for cockfighting

The first half of the Aug. 24 letter regarding cockfighting in South Carolina was sound, and dealt with the "gamefowl exception" to the Animal Fighting and Bating Act. However, I found the second portion regarding the University of South Carolina mascot, the Gamecock, a bit misguided.

As an alumnus of the University of South Carolina, I can promise those who condone "cockfighting" are few and far between, if they exist at all. I have never come across such an individual. Instead, alumni of the university celebrate the word "Gamecock" as a sporting mascot, and nothing more. When alumni hear the word, we think of experiences stemming from time spent at the university, not a brutal fight between two roosters. To claim that using the term fondly condones illegal and inhumane activity is false and fairly insulting to the hundreds of thousands of alumni and fans who cherish their beloved Gamecocks. Replacing our mascot would be to take away a part of our personal history.

The letter writer should be reminded of feelings he holds for his own college mascot, whichever that may be.

Lastly, to claim the Gamecock is the "symbol for the University of South Carolina" only insults the school further by regarding its sporting accomplishments as the only notable aspects of the university. I will leave you, readers and the letter writer alike, with some other notable "symbols" of the University of South Carolina: the beautiful and historic Horseshoe area, one of the world's top International Business programs, a Medical University and Law School, and a new Greek Village, home to a small portion of the wonderful and ethnically diverse student body at the university.

JUSTIN PAQUETTE

USC, Class of 2003

1196 Island Club Drive

Stick to the laws

I am writing to respond to the letter regarding stronger penalties for cockfighting and the call for the University of South Carolina to abandon the Gamecock as its mascot.

As an animal lover myself, I whole-heartedly support the letter writer's suggestions on getting tough on those who participate in what does not to be called a sport. Cockfighting is animal cruelty at its worst, and those involved in it deserve the harshest punishment the law can administer. However, by throwing in an argument for dumping USC's mascot under the premise that it somehow promotes cockfighting is ridiculous and, I think, diverts attention from the real issue at hand.

Apparently, the writer has forgotten that the term "Gamecock" as it historically relates to our state refers to Gen. Thomas Sumter, a Revolutionary War hero. To banish the Gamecock would be to turn our backs on Sumter's accomplishments. Will he urge The Citadel to drop its bulldog mascot as well, out of fear that it somehow glamorizes dogfighting, also a serious problem in our state?

The letter writer did have a great idea. Focus on the real problem in our state -- the need for tougher laws and better enforcement against cockfighting and dogfighting.

KIM MILLER

319 Overhill Drive

Walterboro

 
 

Animal Rights Militants Like Mandela?

"The Vlasaks of today are the Mandelas of yesterday." That's how animal rights nut Jerry Vlasak described himself after British Home Secretary David Blunkett summarily banned him and his activist wife from entering the UK. Vlasak's attempt to remake his image by evoking Nelson Mandela is nothing new for animal rights radicals, whose standard-bearers regularly compare themselves to the likes of Martin Luther King, Gandhi, and even Jesus Christ.

At the Animal Rights 2003 convention, Vlasak insisted: "I don't think you'd have to kill -- assassinate -- too many [researchers whose work requires the use of animals] ... I think for 5 lives, 10 lives, 15 human lives, we could save a million, 2 million, 10 million non-human lives." Nelson Mandela? We think not. Neither did Home Secretary Blunkett.

Vlasak is hardly the only animal rights crusader happy to pervert historic struggles. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animal's (PETA) "humane lecturer" Gary Yourofsky (a convicted Animal Liberation Front felon) insists that he's just like Gandhi and Jesus -- and, in the same breath, condones violence and even arson. In an attempt to justify millions of dollars of property damage by the ALF, PETA itself argues that such actions are comparable to the Underground Railroad or the French Revolution.

To justify bombing buildings and smashing windows, the ALF appeals to the turning point of American Independence, arguing that although its violent activism "harasses people, destroys property, and threatens humans with injury or death?... [T]he Boston Tea Party raiders did not consider themselves terrorists."

In a 1999 issue of the underground magazine No Compromise, PETA campaign director Bruce Friedrich worked the names of his nonviolent heroes into an impassioned defense of the ALF's violent tactics:

I have heard that some who adhere to Strategic Nonviolence claim that A.L.F. activities are counterproductive or even the moral equivalent of vivisection. This is completely antithetical to the philosophies of King and Gandhi, who understood that "We are all in this struggle together."

And Friedrich doesn't mind preaching to Christians, either. Consider what Friedrich said in an essay on PETA's ChristianMercy.org website:

There is so much violence and suffering in our world. One way in which every person can make a difference each day is by choosing to walk gently on the Earth and by being kind to all the creatures with whom we share the planet. We can "pray ceaselessly," to borrow from St. Paul, through our actions and through our example to others.

Compare that to what Friedrich said at the Animal Rights 2001 conference:

Of course we're going to be, as a movement, blowing stuff up and smashing windows … I think it would be a great thing if all of these fast-food outlets, and these slaughterhouses, and these laboratories, and the banks that fund them exploded tomorrow … Hallelujah to the people who are willing to do it.

In the future, perhaps animal liberationists who invoke Gandhi may instead follow the lead of tenured animal-rights zealot Steven Best, who chairs the University of Texas-El Paso's Philosophy department. Best describes:

...a new breed of freedom fighters [that] has ditched Gandhi for Machiavelli and switched principled nonviolence with the amoral (not to be confused with immoral) pragmatism that embraces animal liberation "by any means necessary."

And he's happy to cut to the chase: "You can keep Gandhi: give me Machiavelli. This is not a conversation -- it is a war and it is time to start acting like it is."

Source: http://www.consumerfreedom.com/news_detail.cfm/headline/2633